Broader Impact Of Colonization On African Continent Essay

Amy Musah Dr. Konadu History 122 December, 2016 Broader Impact of colonization on African Continent According to the dictionary, colonialism may be defined as the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupy it settlers, and exploit it economically. Colonialism between the 1870s and 1900s had a massive impact on African communities. Therefore, I am studying effect of colonialism because I want to find out its impacts in order to understand the transformation it brought to the African continent based on our readings, films and class discussions. As present, the African continent continue to face serious economic, social and military challenges, even after attaining their political independence from European colonists. In this essay, I will demonstrate that colonialism broadly and adversely affected the socio-economic and military status on the African continent. Politically During the 1800s, the African continent began to face Europeans extending their power and influence through military force and military occupation which eventually led to the conquest and colonization of Africa. The Europeans merchants were more interested in the resources of the African continent rather than the value of the people. During the transatlantic slave, which occurred between the 15th and 19th century, most European merchants valued property and goodsShow MoreRelatedA Study Of African History1384 Words   |  6 PagesWest Africa, but little do they know African Americans were trading themselves way before then. Portuguese explorer Prince Henry, known as the navigator, was the first European to methodically explore Africa and the oceanic to the Indies.[1] Many Europeans thought that Africa s history was not important. They argued that Africans were inferior to Europeans and they used this to help justify slavery. However, the reality was very different. 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All People Might Think Courage Comes From A Liquid Form...

Some people might think courage comes in a liquid form called alcohol. Which in some aspects it s true; people tend to do things they wouldn t normally do when they are drunk because it lowers their inhibitions. To me, courage is made up of believing in one s self despite the fear, and forming the strength to do something. When I hear the word courage, I automatically associate it with the word fear. Fear is a very uneasy word. It s more than a word, it s like an invisible monster that is staring you down, fangs and all. Fear can be there too, when you make decisions. I believe it takes courage to make good decisions and to overcome fear. There have been many instances in my life where the fear monster has stared me down or hides in the dark corner of my mind, menacing me every chance it gets. It tells me things like, you will never be good enough or something bad will happen if you take a chance. 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Checkers Marketing assignment free essay sample

Q. 1. 1-Checkers is a brand of stores that splits in two formats one smaller supermarket, having currently 171 stores and other larger the hyper resulting from the merger with another brand Hyperama and currently with 29 stores. The brand focuses its image in the lifestyle of customers with a higher income focusing primarily on the areas of cheeses, wines, coffees and cold meats. Its slogan is Better and Better which lets us know a bit of brand identity and strategy in its relentless effort to improve the various levels as confirmed on the official website of the brand available on the world wide web that says us: That although the current state of the economy puts most families with some monetary difficulties Checkers is expressing its concept in a way that makes its customers see that while the economy is unfavorable to maintain a level of life with higher standards this brand offers better savings offering the best prices on the products connoted with this standard of living, avoiding its customers to change lifestyle. Better quality offering their products with world variety and always with the high quality criteria however much the price is low. And finally the better services that focuses on improving relationships with customers and with the appreciation of the time and customer itself, the brand focuses on quality of life, and on a good standard for its customers, therefore, the brand that they prefer spend more time enjoying life than to spend time shopping or doing various subjects thus Moneymarket appeared, another service that can be found in the shops of the brand where customers can pay bills, buy electricity or even tickets for cultural events or to travel, all in one place and with a service that the brand tries to provide at its best. The mark Checkers in itself enhances the organization for the message that transmits through various channels to reach the consumer it creates a perception in their clients and increases the value of the organization as it becomes readily identifiable and distinct from their competitors through the values and strategy that the brand implemented in the market, and that this has connotations with their Target market of high income and living standards above the average putting the organization at a level of prestige or premium. Question 2 II Marketing Strategy: Q. 2. 1-Concerning the price strategy brands have to face a lot of factors that influence their own strategy to penetrate the market and to increase and or maintain the market share, the brand Checkers is not an exception to this, so following there is some of those factors that according to Cant and Heerden (2013: 235) we can subdivide in two main groups: Will influence the price, because their prices will be decided regarding the position that they want to occupy in the market or the target market they want in this case the prices will not be so low because as we can see in Checkers official web site their focus is on high income customers with high standards of lifestyle, but at the same time one of Checkers’ goals is to perform financially viability, because when we look to the history of the company we can see it already was close to end in 1991 when the biggest brand of the organization Shoprite bought Checkers and the brand grew up during 10 years on the shadow of the biggest brand Shoprite only in 2001 they went apart and the strategy since there is to become â€Å"better and better† as the slogan talks by itself and this applies to the pricing strategy as well in a way that the prices will be managed to obtain profit and viable financial results. THE COSTS OF THE ORGANIZATION, this is one of the most important fa ctors that Checkers should look before pricing their products, because, as it is mentioned above, the brand already went through a bad financial situation in 1991 and it went 10 years dependent on the main brand of the organization and looking carefully to the costs situations like that can be avoid in the future. And EXTERNAL FACTORS: those refer to the outside of the organization in sum the environment where Checkers is located these factors that will influence the price decisions of Checkers incorporate: The ECONOMIC CONDITIONS are one important factor that affect pricing decisions of Checkers, nowadays the economy of South Africa the main country where this brand operates was greatly affected by the global crisis, concerning this, Checkers implemented its marketing strategy exposing its concept that their customers don’t need to change their high standards of lifestyle because the brand Checkers will always offer â€Å"better quality† products and â€Å"better savings† even regarding the situation of the economy influencing the brand to put their prices lower than if the economy were more healthy. The factor of the economic conditions influence other factor in the price decision the NATURE OF MARKET DEMAND in times where the South African economy is being badly shaken by the crisis environment we live in a global level, creates on Checkers customers lower incomes and the trend to save because of the uncertain future to fight this Checkers has its strategy to create customer value and maintain the demand for higher standard products at affordable prices lower than in a normal economy where the customers will be more likely to consume the same items in the same quantity even if the price would be higher, thus this factor influence Checkers’ price decision putting the prices lower. In other hand we have the CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR, which is about the perceptions that customers have of different prices, and how they connote the Checkers with their attitudes and lifestyles if the price of products is to low probably consumers will think that the products have less quality than they used to have, so Checkers has to be careful on its pricing strategy if in one side they have to regard the slow on the economy on the other side they can’t low its prices as much as its customers will think they have lower quality, this because as well the target market of the brand that is related with people with higher income and with high standards of lifestyle so they have to be very cautious managing this situation, in a way they can maintain and increasing their market share without loosing their concept connoted with their target market. Then we have the COMPETITORS, the other retailers that Checkers should be aware when defining its strategy to price their products, in this factor Checkers should compare itself with the others competitors’ prices and decide between two strategies as Cant and Heerden (2013: 246) tell us they can choose, if they will follow the price of the leader in the market or, if they decide their own price, that is what Checkers does not putting the price as low as some competitors but instead of that offering a concept of better quality and so higher prices because of the target market that they want and it is intrinsic to the brand. The SUPPLIERS will influence the price of Checkers in a logic way cause if they charge more to Checkers, the brand will have consequently to raise its prices and charge more to its costumers as well. Finally we have the AUTHORITIES AND THE GOVERNMENT, which Cant and Heerden (2013: 246) summarize to us the three main ways how this factor affect the price strategy of Checkers: They don’t allow any organization to decide together with their competitors to fix their price at the same amount ; In South Africa main country where Checkers operates there is the Act on Price Control, Act 25 of 1964 that states there is a maximum price for goods and services that one person or organization can sell to another, one of the products in this situation that Checkers sell is Sugar for example its maximum price is decided by one authority from time to time and not by the brand itself The third main one is the control that authorities can have in the way an organization gives the price information to consumers, Cant and Heerden (2013: 246) give us the example of medicines that since 2004 all of them sold in South Africa have their prices printed on their packages and Medicines is some of th e products available in some stores of the brand Checkers and so on they have to be excluded of their price strategy. Looking at the brand Checkers as a whole and analyzing the history of the company as well as the factors that influence their price strategy the price goal that appears best suit Checkers is the profit-oriented goal regarding that Checkers already went through a bad financial situation before being bought from Shoprite group and went under the umbrella of the main brand Shoprite for ten years until 2001 as the official website of the group tell us. After all the analysis did above, regarding all the factors that influences Checkers, the most likely goal of their price strategy and after an attentive of contact them with an answer that this matter is confidential in my point of view the strategy that possibly Checkers follow is based on cost, seeming that the Cost-plus pricing will suit better the brand concerning their history and the attempt of always trying to be â€Å"better and better† it seems to me that they have projected profits for the year and they price their products based on that to meet their financial goals. Q. 2. 2-As almost all the companies and brands in nowadays difficult times of the global economy have to communicate and have a relationship with their customers and remember or get known that they exist to their target market in a way they can maintain and increase their market share. Checkers to do that use a lot of promotional tools to create the exposure of their concept to their customers Cant and Heerden (2013: 326) tell us that this process should be called Integrated Brand Promotion (IBP) following you will see some of the marketing communication mix tools that the brand Checkers use and how and why they use them: This is one of the tools most used by retailers in general and Checkers is not an exception to the rule, Cant and Heerden (2013: 328) define this toll as â€Å"any paid form of mass presentation of ideas, products or services by an advertiser, addressed to selected target audiences with the objective of creating awareness, informing, reminding, influencing or persuading them to buy the product or service or to be favorably inclined towards these ideas products or services. † Checkers make use of this toll through many different channels on media those channels can be divided into two main groups: Above-the-line media which include many advertisement that the brand Checkers does for example on television, radio, magazines and newspapers where the brand expose messages to their customers such as promotions or to emphasize the brand value. The other group is the Digital media, which include all the World Wide Web this is a very cheap channel that Checkers use a lot as well and it will be discussed in more detail later in section 3. Checkers make use of this tool to make their customers to aware about their brand, to increase loyalty, to people associate their brand to the messages they want to transmit, to increase trust in the quality of the products they sell and finally to create a reputation in the market. SALES PROMOTION: this toll is an activity that Checkers use a lot this is designed to intensify the sales normally with results in the short-term and those results can be measured and accountable. Checkers use this toll with discount coupons for certain products in a determined time bound or when they promote some products in stores encouraging their customers to try a sample in a way that they would like it and then purchase it. The brand makes use of this toll to increase sales of slow-moving products or to sale products that the validity date is near to the end in a way that Checkers will not loose their investment on that product at least not 100% of it. DIRECT MARKETING RESPONSE: is the opposite of the mass media communication because they using this toll the brand will treat the customer as an individual and so the message that the brand wants to transmit is sent to a person normally they treat the customer by his name and sometimes they give them discounts on their favorite products in a way that the customer will fell recognition and valorized by the brand in question. Checkers use this strategy for example with the discount coupons that they send to individual customers directly to their own phones, their customers can subscribe to this kind of system by downloading their application for their smartphones for example or with other processes for the other phones. Checkers does this to increase the value of the relationship with their customers in an attempt to build brand loyalty and to maintain their market share, which is further more cheap than pick up new customers; another big advantage of this is that they can measure their campaigns and collect customers data. PUBLIC RELATIONS: is a toll that is used to enhance the brand it is related with publicity as well and a bit with social responsibility. Checkers makes use of this toll for example participating on the Cheese festival of South Africa or supporting the breast cancer in women. The brand does this to create visibility and to show to the public in general that they help the society as well and to interact with their costumers at the same time promoting their brand awareness. SPONSORSHIP: Cant and Heerden (2013: 344) describe us this activity as â€Å"the alignment of a brand with an activity in order to exploit the commercial potential created by the association, thereby positively impacting brand image and/or sales among the sponsor’s target market, in order to attain marketing and corporate objectives. † One good example of the using of this toll on the brand Checkers can be the contract they made with BBC lifestyle sponsoring a gastronomic series named â€Å"Full on Food† from popular chefs like Jamie Olivier where they were the exclusive sponsors even of BBC Lifestyle’s recipe planner, an online application, which allows consumers to plan their weekly meals and print their grocery lists and features exclusive Checkers recipes (BBC Worldwide Channels agrees sponsorship with Checkers 2009). The brand did this because in this way they have exposure on media and at the same time to the specific target market Checkers wants to reach. DIGITAL MEDIA MARKETING: this tool is extremely important these days and has become increasingly common, not only because it is very economic but also for being fast and personal, this tool was already mentioned in the part of advertisement and as mentioned above will be more detailed ahead in section 3. Q. 2. After the analyze done above to the brand marketing communication of Checkers we can see they are promoting there brand very well and using almost all of the tools of the marketing mix however, if we analyze their competitors as well we can see for example WoolWorths and Pick n pay they have loyalty cards to their customers. This is in my point of view one thing that Checkers can improve on their Marketing direct response toll this will allowed them to collect important data of its customers and knowing the favorite products of which individual for example when at the same time they would create more value to the consumers relationship and increasing the brand loyalty. Another thing that the brand could focus more would be in social responsibility, they are doing an amazing thing already helping women and supporting the fight to breast cancer but they can even explore more areas promoting their image as a brand. The brand could also improve the Public Relations putting a person in which store responsible to interact with the costumers and try to get opinions and feedback from them to improve the company or to figure out some new demand in different products that the store doesn’t have available or just to help them valuing in this way the relationship with the consumers. Question 3 III Cyber marketing and digital marketing: Q. 3. As mentioned above in this section we will see in detail the use of the digital media marketing of Checkers and evaluate it we are going through some of the opportunities types that the brand is making use on the World Wide Web: THE COMPANY WEBSITE: when we open the Checkers website it has a very clean and easy structure which is very important nowadays cause people want easy things and they don’t go through the site if its complicated or is it offers barriers to access it like subscription or putting the email to access it in this matter Checkers is going very well putting their site available to everybody. The website is also interesting providing some recipes, articles and news about the company this is an important point also because makes the costumers to spend time on the website and at the same time makes them to visit it again. In my perspective one of the things that I would improve in the site would be the section of online orders where you can just order wine or platters to a section where you can also order the normal list of the products that you use to buy on their stores; SEARCH ENGINE MARKETING: this is a very important thing fore a company Checkers is very well in this matter because it is very easy to find the brand once it is the first on the list of different search engines such as Google one of the most important and known in the world; ONLINE ADVERTISEMENT: links to the brand official site can be found in some banners in sites connoted with the lifestyle of the Checkers target market such as blogs talking about the Cheese festival for example, so the brand is taking advantage of this opportunity; E-MAIL MARKETING: on the site of the company Checkers on the Home page they have an easy questionnaire for the visitors where if they want to be abreast of the latest promotions they can subscribe that introducing basic data on that section and after that they will receive on the time basis that they decide the latest promotions, so they are taking advantage of this online opportunity because its quick and instantaneous and the costs of that is considerably low in comparison with traditional media and another thing that the company has and works very wee is the contact of the costumers with the company on the home page of their website there is a button section of â€Å"contact us† where you can choose the department that you want to contact and they will reply to you in a really short-term. MOBILE MARKETING: Checkers have an application for smartphones that their customers can download to be abreast of the promotions and to receive promotion coupons increasing this way the value of the consumer relationship with the company, and for normal phones they offer other options to people receive the promotional or discount codes and even for phones that don’t have access to internet they send it by SMS. In general, the brand is doing a great job concerning the opportunities they are using to reach their customers through the digital media marketing the only thing they should improve in my point of view is the online orders increasing the options of their customers so that they, besides wine or platters, can also make their normal purchases of the various products that the store offers. Q. 3. 2-SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING: nowadays the internet has become an increasingly social platform, having been emerging more and more social networks, Checkers accompanies this trend, being present in the main such as facebook or twitter, which are interlinked with their official website. People who visit their website can instantly share the promotions with friends and followers on social networks while the brand can observe and gather opinions from different users of these social networks. The Checkers in my opinion is taking good advantage of this tool, interacting with their customers friends and followers on social networks, through various strategies such as posting news about the brand, and recipes that are shared and discussed offering to the brand greater visibility and a free advertising by word of mouth across the shares of interesting materials that customers interact with the brand on these social platforms do.

Lincolns Journey To Emancipation Essays - , Term Papers

Lincoln's Journey to Emancipation He comes to us in the mists of legend as a kind of homespun Socrates, brimming with prarie wit and folk wisdom. There is a counterlegend of Lincoln, one shared ironically enough by many white Southerners and certain black Americans of our time. Neither of these views, of course, reveals much about the man who really lived--legend and political interpretations seldom do. As a man, Lincoln was complex, many-sided, and richly human. He was an intense, brooding person, he was plagued with chronic depression most of his life. At the time he even doubted his ability to please or even care about his wife. Lincoln remained a moody, melancholy man, given to long introspection about things like death and mortality. Preoccupied with death, he was also afraid to insanity. Lincoln was a teetotaler because liquor left him "flabby and undone", blurring his mind and threatening his self-control. One side of Lincoln was always Supremely logical and analytical, he was intrigued by the clarity of mathematics. As a self-made man, Lincoln felt embarrassed about his log-cabin origins and never liked to talk about them. By the 1850s, Lincoln was one of the most sought after attorney in Illinois, with a reputation as a lawyer's lawyer. Though a man of status and influence, Lincoln was as honest in real life as in legend. Politically, Lincoln was always a nationalist in outlook , an outlook that began when he was an Indiana farm boy tilling his farther mundane wheat field. Lincoln always maintained that he had always hated human bondage, as much as any abolitionist. He realized how wrong it was that slavery should exist at all in a self-proclaimed free Republic. He opposed slavery, too, because he had witnessed some of it's evils firsthand. What could be done? So went Lincoln's argument before 1854. To solve the ensuing problem of racial adjustment, Lincoln insisted that the federal government should colonize all blacks in Africa, an idea he got from his political idol, Whig national leader Henry Clay. Then came 1854 and the momentous Kansas-Nebraska Act , brainchild of Lincoln's archrival Stephen A. Douglas. At once a storm of free-soil protest broke across the North, and scores of political leaders branded the Kansas-Nebraska Act as part of a sinister Southern plot to extend slavery and augment Southern political power in Washington. The train of ominous events from Kansas-Nebraska to Dred Scott shook Lincoln to his foundations. Lincoln waded into the middle of the antiextension fight. By 1858, Lincoln, like a lot of other Republicans, began to see a grim proslavery conspiracy at work in the United States. The next step in the conspiracy would be to nationalize slavery: the Taney Court, Lincoln feared, would hand down another decision, one declaring that states could not prohibit slavery. For Lincoln and his Republican colleagues, it was imperative that the conspiracy be blocked in its initial stage - the expansion of slavery into the West. Douglas fighting for his political life in free-soil Illinois, lashed back at Lincoln with unadulterated racebaiting. Forced to take a stand against Douglas ruin him with his allegations, Lincoln conceded that he was not for Negro political or social equality. Exasperated with Douglas and white Negrophobia in general, Lincoln begged American whites "to discard all this quibbling about this man and the other man---this race and that race and the other race as being inferior. Lincoln lost the 1857 Senate contest to Douglas. Yet for the benefit of the Southerners, he repeated that he and his party would nor hurt slavery in the South. But Southerns refused to believe anything Lincoln said. At the outset of the war, Lincoln strove to be consistent with all that he and his party had said about slavery: his purpose in the struggle was strictly to save the Union. There were other reasons for Lincoln's hands-off policy about slavery. He was also waging a bipartisan war effort, with Northern Democrats and Republicans alike enlisting in his armies to save the Union. But the pressures and problems of civil war caused Lincoln to change his mind and abandon his hands policy about slavery and hurl an executive fist at slavery in the rebel states. Sumner, Lincoln's personal friend was especially persistent in advocating the freeing of the slaves. Sumner, as a major Lincoln adviser on foreign affairs, also linked emancipation to foreign policy. Black and White abolitionists belabored that point too. The pressure on Lincoln to strike at slavery was unrelenting. On that score slaves themselves were contributing to

Tripping In The Trap essays

Tripping In The Trap essays ...

Rules of Capitalization in Spanish

Rules of Capitalization in Spanish Spanish uses far fewer capital letters than does English. With only two exceptions - Spanish capitalizes Sol and Luna when they refer to the Earths sun and moon, respectively - whenever Spanish capitalizes a word, the corresponding word in English is capitalized. But the opposite is far from true; there are numerous instances where English capitalizes that Spanish does not. What Spanish does capitalize are proper names for people, places, holidays, newspapers, and magazines; abbreviations of personal titles such as Dr. (Dr.), Sr. (Mr.), Sra. (Mrs.), and Srta. (Miss); and the first word in the titles of books, plays, movies, and similar works. Here are the most common cases where English capitalizes that Spanish does not: Calendar Names of the days of the week and months of the year use lower-case letters. Hoy es martes. (Today is Tuesday.) Mà ©xico celebra su independencia el 16 de septiembre. (Mexico celebrates its independence on September 16.) Composition Titles In formal written Spanish, titles of movies, books, plays, and similar works capitalize only the first word and proper nouns. La guerra de las galaxias (Star Wars), Harry Potter y la piedra filosofal (Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone) Note: In informal written Spanish, and on book covers and movie posters, it is not unusual to see such composition titles capitalized as in English. Personal Titles Introductory titles are not capitalized, although common abbreviations of them (such as Sr. for seà ±or, Dr. for doctor, D. for don and Srta. for seà ±orita) are.  ¿Conoces a la seà ±ora Wilson? (Do you know Mrs. Wilson?)  ¿Conoces a la Sra. Wilson? (Do you know Mrs. Wilson?) La reina Victoria fue mi abuela. (Queen Victoria was my grandmother.) Religions Names of religions and their adherents arent capitalized. Mi madre es catà ³lica. (My mother is Catholic.) Estudio el cristianismo. (Im studying Christianity.) Ordinal Numbers When an ordinal number is used after a name, it isnt capitalized. Luis catorce (Luis the Fourteenth), Carlos octavo (Charles the Eighth.) If Roman numerals are used, they are capitalized. Place Names Although the given name of rivers, lakes, mountains and other geographic features are capitalized, the geographical identity is not. No vimos el rà ­o Amazonas. (We didnt see the Amazon River.) Vivimos cerca de la montaà ±a Rainier. (We live near Mount Rainier.) Nationality Although names of countries and cities are capitalized, words derived from them are not. Soy inglà ©s. (Im English.) Prefiero los cocos puertorriqueà ±os. (I prefer the Puerto Rican coconuts.) Languages Names of languages arent capitalized. Hablo inglà ©s. (I speak English.) Quiero estudiar alemn. (I want to study German.) Sample Sentences on Spanish Capitalization Habà ­ negociaciones de paz entre el gobierno del presidente Juan Manuel Santos y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia. (There were peace negotiations between the government of Presidente Juan Manual Santos and the Armed Revolutionary Forces of Colombia. The presidents title isnt capitalized, but the formal name of FARC is because it is considered a proper noun.) Los musulmanes catalanes son ms que una comunidad. (Catalonian Muslims are more than a community. References to the geographic origin or religious affiliations of people are not capitalized.) El rà ­o Danubio atraviesa varios paà ­ses de Europa antes de desembocar en el Mar negro. (The Danube River crosses several European countries before emptying into the Black Sea. Only the given names of the river and sea are capitalized.) El rey Lear es una tragedia de Shakespeare. King Lear is a Shakespeare tragedy. (Rey is not capitalized, even though it is part of the play title as well as a personal title.) Herodes murià ³ el aà ±o 4 a. de C. (Herod died in 4 B.C. Only the letter standing for the name of a person is capitalized in this abbreviation. The abbreviation stands for antes de Cristo.) El doctor Romero es un conocido veterinario de Buenos Aires. El Dr. Romero es un conocide veterinario de Buenos Aires. (Dr. Romero is a well-known Buenos Aires veterinarian. His title is capitalized when abbreviated but not otherwise.) Herodes murià ³ el aà ±o 4 a. de C. (Herod died in 4 B.C. Only the letter standing for the name of a person is capitalized in this abbreviation. The abbreviation stands for antes de Cristo.) Las Naciones Unidas es una organizacià ³n internacional formada por 192 paà ­ses independientes. (The United Nations is an international organization formed by 192 independent countries. Names of organizations are capitalized as in English.) El budismo es una religià ³n oriental que tiene muchos creyentes occidentales. (Buddhism is an Eastern religion that has many Western believers. Names of religions are not capitalized, even when named after a person. Neither are geographical words such as oriental unless they refer to a specific entity, such as in Europa Oriental for Eastern Europe.)

What are the factors that influence consumer behavior towards choosing Essay

What are the factors that influence consumer behavior towards choosing mobile phone brands - Essay Example A mobile phone is an electronic device which is used in two way communication. To make use of a mobile phone, connection to a cellular network is required which is an interconnection of base stations through which signals are transmitted, hence the mobile uses those signals to forge and maintain connection. A user using a mobile phone can make or receive telephone calls to and from other cellular networks and also fixed line phones worldwide. Each mobile phone holds a subscription with a cellular network which then connects it to a mobile network operator and thus let’s communication to flow freely. With the influx of countless models of mobiles in the UK market, with minor or significant differences in features, generally they are categorized into two groups. We have feature phones, which are normally characterized as low end mobile phones having less functions, whereas at the other extreme we have Smartphone which are high end phones with sophisticated, computing capabilities. Hence the focus of this report is to discuss a Market Research Study with the aim of providing readers with a comprehensive insight into the factors that influence the consumer behavior when it comes to choosing mobile phones, particularly for UK market. Once the factors have been determined, this report will further shed light on the market research objectives as well as the main purpose and procedure for this proposed market research study. In addition to the aforementioned topics in this report you will also find ample information regarding how to conduct a qualitative and quantitative market research study explaining the finer points in detail. Also a proposed reporting research schedule and timing, fees and credentials will be a part of this report. The report’s prime focus will be on the consumer influences because it is these factors that aid the consumer in making a rational choice when given several alternatives to choose from. The

Prostate Cancer Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Prostate Cancer - Annotated Bibliography Example The article goes further to suggest that physical activities are crucial at this point because they improve one’s psychological and physical well being. In addition, a physical activity intervened lifestyle slows or reverses a declined quality of life. This study suggests that no research so far has ever attempted to evaluate an improvement multiple QOL domain intervention in prostate cancer patients under androgen ablation therapy. The study used a randomized control trial design for active life after cancer to evaluate the efficiency of physical activities interventions in the improvement of QOL of patients under this therapy. In addition, a group of lifestyle program of a 6 month behavioral skill training group was compared to a standard care and educational support program. The objective of this study was to present baseline information that would exemplify the QOL of the chosen sample. The findings indicated that married participants were less psychologically distressed a s compared to those who were unmarried. The limitation to the study was that the researchers experienced challenges in recruiting the participants. This study is relevant to the case study presented because Massri needs to perform more physical activities in addition to his golf to improve his health status. He is lucky to be married to Aziza, hence; he is likely to be less psychologically and physically distressed. Hoyt, M.A., Stanton, A.L., Bower, J.E., KaMala S. T., Litwin, M.S., Breen, E.C. & Irwin, M.R. (2013). Inflammatory biomarkers and emotional approach coping in men with prostate cancer. Brain, Behavior and Immunity, 32, 173-179. doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2013.04.008 The objective of the above article was to establish whether emotion coping is connected with psychological and physical health outcome improvement. The study was specific to prostate cancer related stressors in comparison with previous research, which was characterized

IT Enters a New Learning Environment Essay Example for Free

IT Enters a New Learning Environment Essay It is most helpful to see useful models of school learning that is ideal to achieving instructional goals through preferred application of educational technology. These are the models of Meaningful Learning, Discovery learning, Generative Learning and Constructivism. Meaningful Learning If the traditional learning environment gives stress focus to rote learning and simple memorization, meaningful learning gives focus to new experience departs from that is related to what the learners already knows. New experience departs from the learning of a sequence of words but attention to meaning. It assumes that: ââ€"  Students already have some knowledge that is relevant to new learning. ââ€"  Students are wiling to perform class work to find connections between what they already know and what they can learn. In the learning process, the learner is encouraged to recognize relevant personal experiences. A reward structure is set so that the learner will have both interest and confidence, and this incentive system sets a positive environment to learning. Facts that are subsequently assimilated are subjected to the learner’s understanding and application. In the classroom, hands-on activities are introduced so as to simulate learning in everyday living. Discovery Learning Discovery learning is differentiated from reception learning in which ideas are presented directly to student in a well-organized way, such as through a detailed set of instructions to complete an experiment task. To make a contrast, in discovery learning student from tasks to uncover what is to be learned. New ideas and new decision are generated in the learning process, regardless of the need to move on and depart from organized setoff activities previously set. In discovery learning, it is important that the student become personally engaged and not subjected by the teacher to procedures he/she is not allowed to depart from. In applying technology, the computer can present a tutorial process by which the learner is presented key concept and the rules of learning in a direct manner for receptive learning. But the computer has other uses rather than delivering tutorials. In a computer simulation process, for example, the learner himself is made to identify key concept by interacting with a responsive virtual environment. Generative Learning In generative learning, we have active learners who attend to learning events and generate meaning from this experience and draw inferences thereby creating a personal model or explanation to the new experience in the context of existing knowledge. Generative learning is viewed as different from the simple process of storing information. Motivation and responsibility are seen to be crucial to this domain of learning. The area of language comprehension offers examples of this type of generative learning activities, such as in writing paragraph summaries, developing answers and questions, drawing pictures, creating paragraph titles, organizing ideas/concepts, and others. In sum, generative learning gives emphasis to what can be done with pieces of information, not only on access to them. Constructivism In constructivism, the learner builds a personal understanding through appropriate learning activities and a good learning environment. The most accepted principles constructivism’s are: ââ€"  Learning consists in what a person can actively assemble for himself and not what he can receive passively. ââ€"  the role of learning is to help the individual live/adapt to his personal world. These two principles in turn lead to three practical implications: ââ€"  the learner is directly responsible for learning. He creates personal understanding and transforms information into knowledge. The teacher plays an indirect role by modeling effective learning, assisting, facilitating and encouraging learners. ââ€"  the context of meaningful learning consists in the learner â€Å"connecting† his school activity with real life. ââ€"  the purpose of education is the acquisition of practical and personal knowledge, not abstract or universal truths. To review, there are common t hemes to these four learning domains. They are given below: Learners ââ€"  are active, purposeful learners. ââ€"  set personal goals and strategies to achieve these goals. ââ€"  make their learning experience meaningful and relevant to their lives. ââ€"  seek to build an understanding of their personal worlds so they can work/live productively. ââ€"  build on what they already know in order to interpret and respond to new experiences. LB#6: IT Enters a New Learning Environment. Effective teachers best interact with students in innovative learning activities, while integrating technology to the teaching-learning process. In Meaningful learning * Students already have some knowledge that is relevant to new learning * Students are willing to perform class work to find connections between what they already know and what they can learn. In Discovery learning Ideas are presented directly to students in a well-organized way, such as through a detailed set of instructions to complete an experiment or task. In applying technology, the computer can preset a tutorial process by which the learner is presented key concepts and the rules of learning in a direct manner for receptive learning. In Generative Learning Active learners who attend to learning events and generate meaning from this experience and draw inferences thereby creating a personal model or explanation to the new experience in the context of existing knowledge.Motivation and responsibility are seen to be crucial to this domain of learning. In Constructivism The learner builders a personal understanding through appropriate learning activities and a good learning environment. Learners: are active, purposeful learners. Set personal goals and strategies to achieve these goals. Make their learning experience meaningful and relevant to their lives. Seek to build an understanding of their personal worlds so they can work/live productively. Build on what they already know in order to interpret and respond to new experiences.

Guillain-Barre Syndrome Essay -- Health Medical Medicine Essays

Guillain-Barre Syndrome Most people do not expect to become paralyzed during the course of their lives. Barring injury to the nervous system or debilitating disease, one does not expect to lose motor function. In spite of these expectations, people of all races, sexes, ages, and classes can be afflicted with a debilitating syndrome that can lead to difficulty in walking or even to temporary paralysis in the most severe cases. This syndrome is known commonly as Guillain-Barre Syndrome, or GBS. GBS is an inflammatory disorder of the peripheral nerves. When the syndrome occurs, the body's peripheral nerves become inflamed and cease to work due to an unknown cause. (1) (3) Around 50% of the cases of GBS appear after a bacterial or viral infection. (1) The syndrome can also appear after surgery or vaccination. GBS can appear hours or days after these incidences or can even take up to three or four weeks to appear. (4) Some theories propose that GBS is caused by a mechanism of the autoimmune system that prompts antibodies and white blood cells to attack the covering and insulation of the nerve cells, which leads to abnormal sensation. GBS is considered a syndrome rather than a disease, because its description is based on a set of symptoms reported by the patient to her doctor. (5) GBS is also known as acute inflammatory demylinating polyneuropathy and Landry's ascending paralysis after Jean B. O. Landry, a French physician who described a disorder that "paralyzed the legs, arms, neck, and breathing muscles of the chest." (4) (1) GBS was named after French physicians Georges Guillain and Jean Alexander Barre who, along with fellow physician Andre Stohl, described the differences of the spinal fluid of those who suffered f... ...undation International, based in Wynnewood, PA. http://www.guillain-barre.com/overview.html 2) Kolata, Gina. Flu: The Story of the Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918 and the Search for the Virus That Caused It. Simon & Schuster: New York. Pgs. 167-185. 3) Guillain-Barrà © Support Group, The homepage for the Guillain-Barre Syndrome Support Group based in the United Kingdom. The organization disseminates information to sufferers of the syndrome and their family and friends. http://www.gbs.org.uk/index2.shtml 4) NINDS Guillain-Barre Information Page, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke information page on GBS. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/gbs/gbs.htm 5) GBS - An Overview For The Layperson, An overview of GBS written by Dr. Joel S. Steinberg, a neurologist that once suffered from GBS. http://members.ozemail.com.au/~guillain/gbs.htm

New World Movie Review

Action, romance, hardships, drama, and suspense; now you’re probably thinking what do these very different qualities have in common. The New World is a dramatic film about the life of the settlers who came to the new world not knowing what to expect and having to deal with the new surroundings and the Native people. You will follow the life of a native girl named Pocahontas who experiences love, loss, and victory. You will be on your edge of your seat due to the action and suspense this movie sets on you. The New World was directed and written by Terrence Malick. The main characters in the film are Colin Farrell who played John Smith, Q’orianka Kilcher who played Pocahontas, and Christopher Plummer. This movie was made in 2005. This movie is about settlers from England coming to the New World to start colonies. It is the story of how they made it and what different hardships they had to overcome in order to survive in this new world. Throughout the movie you see how the natives interact with the colonists and how Pocahontas falls in love with Captain John Smith. In this movie settlers come from England to start over and discover new land. When they arrived they don’t know what to expect of the land or of the natives that live there. Knowing ahead of time that there were going to be natives living there they made sure to take precaution because they did not know what to expect of them. Throughout the movie you see the interactions between the natives and the settlers and often times it became very violent due to the settlers driving the native people out of their land. Pocahontas, the chiefs most loved daughter helps out settlers brings them food and teaches them how to grow crops to make money and to help them survive. The movie tells the story of the things that people discovered, how Pocahontas falls in love with John Smith and how the tables turn and how the outcome of their love might not be what you expected. In this movie the thing that caught my eye the most was the music and how just something so simple like the sound of wind or trees blowing can cause or change the overall feel of a scene. For example whenever you were in a scene with the Indians there was always this peaceful music that gave the Indians the audience the feeling of being at peace with them. In many scenes with Pocahontas when she is in the fields this peaceful music will play and it creates a very serein feel. This is a great movie and I recommend it to veryone who has a chance to see it. In my opinion the people who will like this movie will mainly be young adults because of the action and romance. During this whole movie I learned a lot about the not only the story of Jamestown but how to create different effects on people through film making. I personal liked the movie a lot because of romance between John Smith and Pocahontas and John Rolf and Pocahontas. Overall I recommend this movie to anyone who is in for a ro mance with some action involved! Short Biography:

The Theory of the Contestable Market

The theory of contestable markets, along with the static and dynamic views of competition, are used as theories to analyse how markets perform. The static view focuses on the structure of the market as the determining factor of competition, with the dynamic view focusing on dynamic aspects such as technology and entrepreneurship. The contestable markets theory has a different focus, focusing on the importance of barriers to entry and exit. Nonetheless it does incorporate features from both views.More importantly it shifts the focus and provides new insight into the workings of competition. The two differing views of competition will be examined, followed by an examination of the contestable market theory, concluding with an analysis of the degree to which there is synthesis. Static view of competition The static view of competition focuses on the market structure as the key determining factor in the performance and behaviour of firms. It is the neoclassical approach of competition, o rigination from the work of economist’s Cournot and Edgeworth.This traditional view sees market structure as rigidly determining firm's conduct (its output decisions and pricing behaviour), which yields an industry's overall performance, such as its efficiency and profitability. Firms limit their behaviour to a certain industry model or strategic logic that is built on frequent price cuts, in order to out-compete rivals and deter entry. An industry is considered competitive depending on its market structure. At one extreme is perfect competition, which is considered perfectly competitive. At the other extreme is a monopoly structure, with a sole producer, characterised by low competition.In between the spectrum is an oligopolistic structure, and a monopolistic structure. These structures embody less competition than in perfect competition, but more than in a monopoly situation. The characteristics of competitive markets are thus large number of firms, or in other words a low concentration ratio. The number of firms is determined by the market demand and the output level set at that which minimises average cost. As the number of firms that enter the industry increases, firms become price takers rather than price makers, and they are forced to apply the price that is set in order to survive in the market.They thus receive normal profits, as opposed to abnormal profits when the market structure was more concentrated (please refer to figure 1 below). Fig 1 Thus the organisation of industries is considered to be generated exogenously. Therefore the market concentration decides the nature of competition within each market. The static view of competition thus concentrates on the structural characteristics of competition, with a ‘structure-conduct-performance’ based paradigm, in which market structure decided conduct of firms, deciding their performance.The static competition approach excludes non-price competition, such as quality and product diff erentiation, and strategic behaviour which does occur. This view of competition has been criticised for ignoring the more dynamic methodology of competition, which will now be analysed. Due to the importance of market share in the static view of competition, the resultant policy implication calls for regulation of markets, in order to ensure low marker concentration, in order to move towards perfect competition, and its associated benefits. (Schwartz 1986). Dynamic view of competitionThe dynamic view of competition revolves around the role of the entrepreneur and firms using innovation to compete with their rivals. The neo-Austrian school of thought, in particular, Schumpeter, and those economists influenced by it have been redefining the concept along classical lines, although with a much greater emphasis on the entrepreneurial role, the role of discovery, and rivalrous competition. Performance in industries is argued to be characterized by dynamic competition, expressed through in novation and variation rather than through efficiency and price reductions, which is the case in the static approach.This view portrays competition as a process of change and evolution rather than a static state in which equilibrium will be reached. Hayek, a main architect of this approach, defines competition as a dynamic behavioural activity. Central to this activity is knowledge, how it is acquired and communicated through the economy. He criticises the neoclassical assumption of perfect knowledge, with the view that costs are not a given, and so not exogenous. Competition is a process of interaction with the environment, in which innovation, such as new methods of production and new products, are a response to the unique situation of the economy.It results in the optimal use of resources. (Auerbach 1988) Alchian believes that there is a natural selection process which results in a competitive outcome. Such competition depends not only on the physical possibilities but also the a bilities and attitudes of participants, the entrepreneurs and consumers. It therefore argues for property rights, as to increase the level of competition, forcing companies to undergo research and development and to innovate, in order to survive.For competition to be improved and sustained there needs to be a genuine desire on behalf of entrepreneurs to engage in competitive behaviour, to innovate and to invent to drive markets forward and create what Schumpeter famously called the â€Å"gales of creative destruction†. (Vickers, 1995, pp15). In the classic dynamic view, it argues that there is a tendency for rates of return to equalise, due to profit seeking behaviour, and the movement of capital from low profit areas to that of higher profit areas. However equilibrium may never be reached.Before the tendency for equalisation, the economy may have changed, such as the structure of demand, or the available technology, and products may have evolved. The general criticism of the dynamic view of competition is that is lacks the simplicity and decisiveness than the static view of competition. The policy implications of the dynamic view of competition is less concerned with regulation of markets, instead encouraging property rights in order to allow firms to benefit from their own research and development, allowing for technological advancement, and the ensuing competition.Theory of the contestable market The theory of contestable markets describes how competition will exist in any market if there are no barriers to entry and exit, as firms will be forced to act competitively in fear of new firms entering the market. The contestable markets approach to competition represents an alternative to the neo-classical theory of the firm. It came to prominence in the early 1980s, largely through the work of the American economist Baumol. The threat posed by the possibility of new firms entering the market is taken to be a key determinant of the behaviour of existing f irms.Accordingly, barriers to entry and exit play a crucial role. Its fundamental feature is low barriers to entry and exit; a perfectly contestable market would have no barriers to entry or exit. This means no sunk costs. Sunk costs will be low where the firm can sell or in other ways dispose of its capital equipment without cost. For example, a new airline might lease aircraft rather than purchase them and can then leave the industry at the end of the lease period without the costs of having to sell its aircraft.Contestable markets are characterized by ‘hit and run' entry, whereby if a firm in a market with no entry or exit barriers raises its prices above average cost and begins to earn abnormal profits, potential rivals will enter the market to take advantage of these profits. When the incumbent firms respond by returning prices to levels consistent with normal profits the new firms will exit. In this manner even a monopoly market can show highly competitive behaviour (suc h as in perfect competition), as it fears potential competition.Such optimal behaviour applies to the full range of industry structures. Natural monopolies are of course not included in such a theory, as by its nature barriers to entry and exit exist. In this view of competition, the direction of causation between the market structure and competition is reversed from that of the static view. The theory of contestable markets sees contestability as influencing the performance and conduct of firms, and thus deciding on the resultant market structure.Perfect contestability would lead to firms earning normal profit, embodying cost-minimisation behaviour, resulting in a cost-minimisation structure (P=MC= AC), whatever the actual form of the market structure. Thus, the market structure is determined by the price and output decisions, or the behaviour, of firms. In a perfectly contestable market, there would exist profit equalisation across firms and industries, such as in perfect competit ion, even under market imperfections, such as a concentrated structure. Under a contestable market there would be maximisation of consumer welfare due to cost and price minimising.Contestable markets would also result in optimal firm sizes (economies of scale), product-mix (economies of scope) and industrial organisation (dynamic efficiency). Compared to the static view of competition, the contestable market views is not so much competition within the market, but competition for the market. Attention has been shifted away from actual competition to potential competition. Critics of this theory includes the argument that perfectly contestable markets are rare, and thus should only be applied to specific cases.It is true that perfect contestability is an extreme, and should be viewed as a benchmark rather than the norm, but the same applies to perfect competition in the static view of competition. (Schwartz 1986). More empirical research is needed on the extent of free entry and exit. Criticism has also been placed upon the reaction time of incumbents as new firms enter the market, which is also a hotly debated subject. Contradicting assumptions of ultra-free entry and the response of firms is another criticised aspect of the theory. (Shepherd, 1984, pp585)In terms of policy implications, the theory suggests that competition policy should be as much concerned with the levels of barriers to entry and exit in a market as with existing levels of competition. Synthesis? There is much debate as to whether contestable market theory is a synthesis of the static and dynamic views of competition. Some observers comment that the theory may even be an uprising from the traditional theories (Baumol, 1982), and to the other extreme where it is a mere extension of the traditional theories of competition.The theory of contestable markets incorporates important concepts from the static view of competition. The relationship between market structure and competition is a major fac tor in contestable market theory as it is in the static view, however in the former, as stated earlier, the causation is reversed. So the relationship is still key, albeit with market structure being dependent upon its firm’s behaviour. Furthermore, barriers to entry and exit, which are important in the static view in terms of its negative effects in allowing incumbents to earn economic rent, are of prime importance in the new theory.Although the new theory turns it on its head and focuses on the positive effects of removing barriers, and the resultant competition that comes with it. Barriers are thus significant market determinants. Thus for some contestable market theory provides a static equilibrium theory of industry structure which is generally more applicable than before. The theory also points towards some dynamic interpretation of markets. Firms are able to enter on an ongoing basis, constraining market behaviour of incumbents.The degree of contestability of a market can change over time with technology, regulatory breakdown, or changes in other barriers altering the entry and exit conditions. An incumbent pricing optimally can protect them self against new entrants using the same technology, but can’t protect against innovation or technological advancements. Furthermore, the threat of competition should lead to a faster rate of technological diffusion, as firms have to be particularly responsive to the changing needs of consumers. Thus dynamic aspects of competition are also important in the new theory.Baumol et al have argued the contestable theory as a new general system to replace the original static and dynamic views of competition. However their analysis should only be treated as a specialised, extreme set of conditions, which are unlikely to be found in reality, due to rigid assumptions of contestability theory. Some have even argued that little has been added to the pre-existing entry and exit analysis. (Shepherd, 1984). Conclusio n Contestable market theory is an attempt to impose a dynamic mechanism upon a static equilibrium analysis, thus providing new and valuable insights into competition theory.It offers a host of new analytical methods, new tasks for empirical research, and new results. It allows the reconsideration of the domain of the invisible hand, yields contributions to the theory of oligopoly, provides a standard for policy that is far broader and more widely applicable than that of perfect competition, and leads to a theory that analyses the determination of industry structure endogenously and simultaneously with the analysis of the other variables more traditionally treated in the theory of the firm and the industry.It aspires to provide a unifying theory as a foundation for the analysis of competition. The theory manages to blends in some aspects from both the static and dynamic analyses of competition, however shouldn’t be seen as an overarching theory. It embodies a different focus t o the two traditional views of competition, as already mentioned. It should be applied to unique situations, on which the assumptions of the theory are built. The new theory provides for a new dilemma rather than the final solution.

Memorable Quotes from Camus The Plague

Memorable Quotes from Camus The Plague The Plague is a famous allegorical novel by Albert Camus, whos known for his existential works. The book was published in 1947 and is considered one of the most important works by Camus. Here are some memorable quotes from the novel. From Part 1 The truth is that everyone is bored, and devotes himself to cultivating habits. Our citizens work hard, but solely with the object of getting rich. Their chief interest is commerce, and their chief aim in life is, as they call it, doing business.You must picture the consternation of our little town, hitherto so tranquil, and now, out of the blue, shaken to its core, like a quite healthy man who all of a sudden feels his temperature shoot up and the blood seething like wildfire in his veins.8,000 rats had been collected, a wave of something like panic swept the town.I cant say I really know him, but ones got to help a neighbor, hasnt one?Rats died in the street; men in their homes. And newspapers are concerned only with the street.Everybody knows that pestilences have a way of recurring in the world; yet somehow we find it hard to believe in ones that crash down on our heads from a blue sky. There have been as many plagues as wars in history;  yet always plagues and wars take people equally by surprise. We tell ourselves that pestilence is a mere bogy of the mind, a bad dream that will pass away. But it doesnt always pass away and, from one bad dream to another, it is men who pass away.They fancied themselves free, and no one will ever be free so long as there are pestilences.He knew quite well that it was plague and, needless to say, he also knew that, were this to be officially admitted, the authorities would be compelled to take very drastic steps. This was, of course, the explanation of his colleagues reluctance to face the facts. From Part 2 From now on it can be said that plague was the concern of all of us.Thus, for example, a feeling normally as individual as the ache of separation from those one loves suddenly became a feeling in which all shared alike and- together with fear- the greatest affliction of the long period of exile that lay ahead.Thus, too, they came to know the incorrigible sorrow of all prisoners and exiles, which is to live in company with a memory that serves no purpose.Hostile to the past, impatient of the present, and cheated of the future, we were much like those whom mens justice, or hatred, forces to live behind prison bars.The plague was posting sentries at the gates and turning away ships bound for Oran.The public lacked, in short, standards of comparison. It was only as time passed and the steady rise in the death-rate could not be ignored, that public opinion became alive to the truth.You cant understand. Youre using the language of reason, not of the heart; you live in a world of abstractio ns. Many continued hoping that the epidemic would soon die out and they and their families be spared. Thus they felt under no obligation to make any change in their habits, as yet. Plague was an unwelcome visitant, bound to take its leave one day as unexpectedly as it had come.To some the sermon simply brought home the fact that they had been sentenced, for an unknown crime, to an indeterminate period of punishment. And while a good many people adapted themselves to confinement and carried on their humdrum lives as before, there were others who rebelled and whose one idea now was to break loose from the prison-house.I can understand this sort of fervor and find it not displeasing. At the beginning of a pestilence and when it ends, theres always a propensity for rhetoric. In the first case, habits have not yet been lost; in the second, theyre returning. It is in the thick of a calamity that one gets hardened to the truth- in other words, to silence.Death means nothing to men like me. Its the event that proves them right. Whats true of all the evils in the world is true of the plague as well. It helps men to rise above themselves. All the same, when you see the misery it brings, youd need to be a madman, or a coward, or stone blind, to give in tamely to the plague.Paneloux is a man of learning, a scholar. He hasnt come in contact with death; thats why he can speak with such assurance of the truth- with a capital T. But every country priest who visits his parishioners and has heard a man gasping for breath on his deathbed thinks as I do. Hed try to relieve human suffering before trying to point out its goodness.Tarrou nodded. Yes. But your victories will never be lasting; thats all. Rieuxs face darkened. Yes, I know that. But its no reason for giving up the struggle.There comes a time in history when the man who dares to say that two and two do make four is punished with death.Many fledgling moralists in those days were going about our town proclaiming there was nothing to be done about it and we shoul d bow to the inevitable. And Tarrou, Rieux, and their friends might give one answer or another, but its conclusion was always the same, their certitude that a fight must be put up, in this way or that, and there must be no bowing down. Invariably their epical or prize-speech verbiage jarred on the doctor. Needless to say, he knew the sympathy was genuine enough. But it could be expressed only in the conventional language with which men try to express what unites them with mankind in general; a vocabulary quite unsuited, for example, to Grands small daily effort.All this time hed practically forgotten the woman he loved, so absorbed had he been in trying to find a rift in the walls that cut him off from her. But at this same moment, now that once more all ways of escape were sealed against him, he felt his longing for her blaze up again.Ive seen enough people who die for an idea. I dont believe in heroism; I know its easy and Ive  learnt  it can be murderous. What interests me is living and dying for what one loves.Theres no question of heroism in all this. Its a matter of common decency. Thats an idea which may make some people smile, but the only means of fighting a plague is- common decency. From Part 3 No longer were  there  individual destinies; only a collective destiny, made of plague and emotions shared by all.By the force of things, this last remnant of decorum went by the board, and men and women were flung into the death-pits indiscriminately.  Happily,  this ultimate indignity synchronized with the plagues last ravages.So long as the epidemic lasted, there was never any lack of men for these duties. The critical moment came just before the outbreak touched high-water mark, and the doctor had  good  reason for felling anxious. There was then a real shortage of man-power both for the higher posts and for the rough work.The truth is that nothing is less sensational than pestilence, and by reason of their very duration great misfortunes are monotonous.But, really, they were asleep already; this whole period was, for them, no more than a long nights slumber.The habit of despair is worse than despair itself.Evening after evening gave its truest,  mournfulest  expr ession to the blind endurance that had outlasted love from all our hearts. From Part 4 The one way of making people hang together is to give em a spell of the plague.Until now I always felt a stranger in this town, and that Id no concern with you people. But now that Ive seen what I have seen, I know that I belong here whether I want it or not. This business is everybodys business.No, Father.  Ive  a very different idea of love. And until my dying  day  I shall refuse to love a scheme of things in which children are put to torture.No, we should go forward, groping our way through the darkness, stumbling perhaps at times, and try to do what good lay in our power. As for the rest, we must hold fast, trusting in the divine goodness, even as to the deaths of little children, and not seeking personal respite.Nobody is capable of really thinking about anyone, even in the worst calamity.We cant stir a finger in this world without the risk of bringing death to somebody. Yes, Ive been ashamed ever since; I have realized that we all have  plague, and I have lost my pea ce. Whats natural is the microbe. All the rest- health, integrity, purity (if you like)- is a product of the human will, of a vigilance that must never falter. The good man, the man who infects hardly anyone, is the man who has the fewest lapses of attention.Can one be a saint without God? Thats the problem, in  fact  the only problem, Im up against today. From Part 5 Its energy was flagging, out of exhaustion and exasperation, and it was losing, with its self-command, the ruthless, almost mathematical efficiency that had been its trump-card hitherto.Once the faintest stirring of hope became possible, the dominion of the plague was ended.Our strategy had not changed, but whereas yesterday it had obviously failed, today it seemed triumphant. Indeed, ones chief impression was that the epidemic had called a retreat after reaching all its objectives; it had, so to speak, achieved its purpose.Yes, hed make a fresh start, once the period of abstractions was over.It was as if the pestilence, hounded away by cold, the street-lamps and the crowd, had fled from the depths of the town.So all a man could win in the conflict between plague and life was knowledge and memories.Once plague had shut the gates of the town, they had settled down to a life of separation, debarred from the living warmth that gives forgetfulness of all.If there is one thing one can alw ays yearn for and sometimes attain, it is human love. What we learn in time of pestilence: that there are more things to admire in men than to despise.He knew that the tale he had to tell could not be one of final victory. It could be only the record of what had to be done, and what assuredly would have to be done again in the never-ending fight against terror and its relentless onslaughts.

How Bugs Find Their Way Into Your Food

How Bugs Find Their Way Into Your Food Entomophagy, the practice of eating insects, has been getting a lot of media attention in recent years. Conservationists promote it as a solution to feeding an exploding global population. Insects, after all, are a high protein food source and dont impact the planet in ways that animals higher up the food chain do. Of course, news stories about insects as food tend to focus on the ick factor. While grubs and caterpillars are diet staples in many parts of the world, U.S. audiences tend to get squeamish at the thought of eating bugs. Well, heres some  news for you. You eat bugs. Every day. Even if youre vegetarian, you cant avoid consuming insects if you eat anything that has been processed, packaged, canned, or prepared. You are, without a doubt, getting a bit of bug protein in your diet. In some cases, the bug bits are intentional ingredients, and in some cases, theyre just by-products of the way we harvest and package our food. Red Food Coloring When the FDA changed food-labeling requirements in 2009, many consumers were startled to learn that manufacturers put crushed bugs in their food products for color. Outrageous! Cochineal extract, which comes from a scale insect, has been used as a red dye or coloring for centuries. Cochineal bugs (Dactylopius coccus) are true bugs belonging to the order Hemiptera. These tiny insects make a living by sucking the sap from cactus. To defend themselves, cochineal bugs produce carminic acid, a foul-tasting, bright red substance that makes predators think twice about eating them. The Aztecs used crushed cochineal bugs to dye fabrics a brilliant crimson. Today, cochineal extract is used as a natural coloring in many foods and drinks. Farmers in Peru and the Canary Islands produce most of the worlds supply, and its an important industry that supports workers in otherwise impoverished areas. And there are certainly worse things that manufacturers could use to color their products. To find out if a product contains cochineal bugs, look for any of the following ingredients on the label: cochineal extract, cochineal, carmine, carminic acid, or Natural Red No. 4. Confectioners Glaze If youre a vegetarian with a sweet tooth, you might be shocked to learn that many candy and chocolate products are made with bugs, too. Everything from jelly beans to milk duds is coated in something called confectioners glaze.   And confectioners glaze comes from bugs. The Lac bug, Laccifer lacca, inhabits tropical and subtropical regions. Like the cochineal bug, the Lac bug is a scale insect (order Hemiptera). It lives as a parasite on plants, particularly banyan trees. The Lac bug uses special glands to excrete a waxy, waterproof coating for protection. Unfortunately for the Lac bug, people figured out long ago that these waxy secretions are also useful for waterproofing other things, like furniture. Ever heard of shellac? Lac bugs are big business in India and Thailand, where they are cultivated for their waxy coatings. Workers scrape the Lac bugs glandular secretions from the host plants, and in the process, some of the Lac bugs get scraped off, too. The waxy bits are typically exported in flake form, called sticklac or gum lac, or sometimes just shellac flakes. Gum lac is used in all kinds of products: waxes, adhesives, paints, cosmetics, varnishes, fertilizers, and more. Lac bug secretions also make their way into medicines, usually as a coating that makes pills easy to swallow. Food manufacturers seem to know that putting shellac on an ingredient list might alarm some consumers, so they often use other, less industrial-sounding names to identify it on food labels. Look for any of the following ingredients on labels to find the hidden Lac bugs in your food: candy glaze, resin glaze, natural food glaze, confectioners glaze, confectioners resin, Lac resin, Lacca, or gum lac. Fig Wasps And then, of course, there are the fig wasps. If youve ever eaten Fig Newtons, or dried figs, or anything containing dried figs, youve no doubt eaten a fig wasp or two as well. Figs require pollination by a tiny female fig wasp. The fig wasp sometimes becomes entrapped within the fig fruit (which is technically not a fruit, its an inflorescence called the syconia), and becomes part of your meal. Insect Parts Honestly, theres no way to pick, package, or produce food without getting a few bugs in the mix. Insects are everywhere. The Food and Drug Administration recognized this reality, and issued regulations concerning how many bug bits are allowable in food items before they become a health concern. Known as the Food Defect Action Levels, these guidelines determine how many insect eggs, body parts, or whole insect bodies can get by the inspectors before being flagged in a given product. So, truth be told, even the most squeamish among us eats bugs, like it or not. Sources: The Truth About Red Food Dye Made From Bugs, LiveScience, April 27, 2012. Accessed online November 26, 2013.Scientists Make Red Food Dye from Potatoes, Not Bugs, National Geographic, September 19, 2013. Accessed online November 26, 2013.Calimyrna Figs in California, Wayne P. Armstrong, Palomar College. Accessed online November 26, 2013.Humans as Fig Eaters, FigWeb, Iziko Museums of South Africa. Accessed online November 26, 2013.Laccifer Lacca, Gwen Pearson (Bug Girls Blog), February 14, 2011. Accessed online November 26, 2013.Q A on Shellac, the Vegetarian Resource Group blog, November 30, 2010. Accessed online November 26, 2013.

Walmart recruitment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Walmart recruitment - Research Paper Example The recruitment and selection process should not be biased on the basis of age, gender, sex, religion and heredity among others. Biased recruitment leads to inefficient leaders which often create chaos in the whole organization. Similarly, the retrenchment process must be based on sound ground. The hiring of the new employees must be steadfast. Recruitment should be done only after careful consideration. Any wrong recruitment will lead to the organization’s downfall in the long run. Any recruitment process should be carried out only when the firm anticipates the need of additional labor. Careful Human Resources (HR) planning considers the complete organizational growth. Recruitment process begins only after the elimination of all the alternatives (Cooper, Robertson, and Tinline 6-10). With these considerations, the paper intends to evaluate the recruitment process at Wal-Mart, one of the globally leading retailers. Moreover, the way in which the organization can improve its re cruitment practices with the aid of best HRM practices will also be evaluated. OVERVIEW OF THE COMPANY Sam Walton bought a store from Luther E. Harrison in Bentonville, Arkansas, and started Walton's 5 & 10. In 1962, Sam Walton financed 95% of the capital to start the first Wal-Mart store. Wal-Mart has 4100 stores in the United States and 3100 in 27 other countries across the world. In accordance with the present day context, it is ascertained that Wal-Mart’s sales were US$374 billion in 2008 which is somewhat low than Denmark’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This signifies the enormity of the extent of dominance of the company in the global platform (Guardian News and Media Limited or its Affiliated Companies, â€Å"It All Began in a Small Store in Arkansas†). Wal-Mart has always remained committed to one mission that is helping â€Å"save people money so they can live better† (Minimum Theme on Genesis Framework, â€Å"A Brief History of Wal-Mart†) . Sam Walton is that retailer who always managed to get bargain from its wholesalers. Sam Walton thought that he could do better by passing his savings to his customers and this unique business strategy facilitated him to become one of the largest and powerful retail industries in the world with a competitive advantage (Minimum Theme on Genesis Framework, â€Å"A Brief History of Wal-Mart†). There are three basic competitive strategies for any company, (1) competitive strategy (2) differentiation strategy and (3) focus strategy. Every organization uses these strategies to gain competitive advantage. Wal-Mart takes the cost leadership strategy to gain a competitive advantage over their adversaries (Thomson Reuters. â€Å"Wal-Mart Stores Inc.†). RECRUITMENT PROCESS OF WAL-MART The recruitment process of Wal-Mart starts by offering online application to the interested candidates. There is no other option apart from online application. One more alternative is to go to the store and hire the information kiosk. The next step starts with the assessment test where the presence of mind and problem solving capability of a person is examined. The test consists of a number of question where one has to select choices extending from strongly agree to strongly disagree. It is advisable to choose either strongly agree or strongly disagree and nothing in the middle because the main motive is to check the strong decision making capability in the

Willa Seidon at Tides Center Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Willa Seidon at Tides Center - Essay Example while the recession is highlighted by increased competition, low market share and financial constraints and instability. Even in these circumstances the organization needs to survive through its strategies. Often different strategies are adopted for survival which requires organizational restructuring and change management. A visionary leader, with clarity in ideas about how to proceed and effective change implementation is required at this stage. Leadership: Leadership is a subjective concept. There is no particular definition of leadership; there are as many definitions of leadership as the number of people who tried researching on the vast subject. Leadership is a social process embedded in the minds of leaders of followers. Great leaders help us see the current situation and see a brighter future through the dark times. They see new opportunities and combine every one to work for a common goal, during which they make critical decisions to set a direction to proceed. Some research ers view leadership as power relation by which they can affect and introduce change in people. Some view it as transformational process by which the followers are able to achieve more than what is expected from them. While some scholars view it as skills perspective where they argue certain skills and knowledge are required to be effective leaders. (Northouse, Peter.G. 2009 ; Gallos, Joan.V. 2008; Koestenbaum, Peter. 2002) The arguments about leaders are born or made is a never ending debate. Many researchers say it could be both. A natural ability to lead is important and found in every leader. On the other hand various workshops and courses are conducted on effective leadership programs. Therefore leaders possess natural ability and skill to lead which can be further polished and converted into more effective leadership. (Lussier, Robert. N, Achua, Christopher. F. 2009; Avolio, Bruce J. 2005) Effective leaders motivate and inspire followers; they have the skills to take out the be st from people. Leadership is exercised on group of people and teams, usually with the aim to make them achieve one common goal rather individual goals. Successful leaders need to understand tasks, people and processes in the organization. They must attend the current situation work through them to identify future possibilities, provide a vision and strategies to fulfill that vision and related missions, create a learning organization where people’s development and growth is paramount of importance and direct their minds in strategizing and initiate collaboration among different sections, departments and processes in the organization. The function of management and the function of leadership are often confused together. Management provides order and consistency to the organization and works for order and stability while leadership initiates change and improvement and seeks adaptive and constructive changes. Leadership is all about establishing direction- setting vision, missi on, strategies and goals, aligning people- bring clarity in goals, seek commitment and built team work and last but not the least motivating and inspiring- by empowering and satisfying development needs. (Northouse, Peter.G. 2009 ; Gallos, Joan.V. 2008) Like many great leaders, Willa Seldon is one of the inspiring leaders who helped Tides Centre and guided them through the difficult times. With her vision and ability to manage effective change she led Tides Centre (TC). She was appointed as a Chief Executive Director in September 2003, when Tides applied for the ‘seed grant’ of $ 1 million was offered by Kellog Foundation. During that time TC and the entire fiscal sponsorship sector was struggling for financial

That Intellectual Property Right System. Commercialization of Art Essay

That Intellectual Property Right System. Commercialization of Art - Essay Example Cuban writer, Geraldo Mosquera has addressed the paradox that the globalize vortex of mixing, multiplying appropriation and re-semanticising takes place in a situation when all cultures steal from one another either from dominance or subordinations. (Welchman, 2001). Intellectual property rights system and misappropriation of indigenous knowledge without prior knowledge and consent of indigenous people bring to mind a feeling of anger and a mentality being cheated as also helpless in knowing nothing about intellectual property rights and indigenous knowledge piracy. This is equal to robbing indigenous person of their resources and knowledge through monopoly rights. The intellectual property rights system, mainly favors the industrialized countries in North having enough resources for claiming copyrights, resulting in exploitation and appropriation of hereditary assets, knowledge etc. as also the culture of local people for marketable and commercial purpose. We can also see that Intellectual Property right system ignores the contribution of the indigenous people and do not value the close interrelationship between the indigenous people and their knowledge as also the genetic resources of which the Intellectual property right system is taking advantage, and it is really painful for the original authority as the Intellectual property right system is concerned only with the benefits that they are gaining from the profit-making exploitation of these resources. There is a dire need to protect and safeguard indigenous knowledge today, as also the self determination is important. In Asian regions, many indigenous people have come together now and people have started realizing the importance and the need to protect their indigenous knowledge and culture, and aim towards reclaiming their right to self determination and indigenous knowledge. However, today slowly the indigenous people have started realizing the importance of the issue and have to give importance to the following points regarding activities related to indigenous knowledge and culture: 1) Try to strengthen indigenous people's organizations and communities, which will enable them to collectively address the local concerns related to the indigenous knowledge and the intellectual property rights system. 2) The indigenous people should continue to strengthen their self determinations , as this can help them stand against the threats by intellectual property rights systems on the indigenous knowledge and genetic resources. 3) The level of awareness among the indigenous organizations and communities should be raised more which will help them being more aware about the changing global trends and developments in the Intellectual property rights system as they apply to life forms and indigenous knowledge. (Possey & Dutfield, 1996). "Commodification of art comes under both privileging the exchange value over the work performed by art and of evaluating the importance of the materiality of the art work". "The approach to art which can be developed from Irigarays writing is a result of two factors, one the critique of commodification and of the model of experience based on specularity of male desire, and other side the rethinking of opposition between the sensible and intelligible through poetics of the elements." The