Broader Impact Of Colonization On African Continent Essay

Amy Musah Dr. Konadu History 122 December, 2016 Broader Impact of colonization on African Continent According to the dictionary, colonialism may be defined as the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupy it settlers, and exploit it economically. Colonialism between the 1870s and 1900s had a massive impact on African communities. Therefore, I am studying effect of colonialism because I want to find out its impacts in order to understand the transformation it brought to the African continent based on our readings, films and class discussions. As present, the African continent continue to face serious economic, social and military challenges, even after attaining their political independence from European colonists. In this essay, I will demonstrate that colonialism broadly and adversely affected the socio-economic and military status on the African continent. Politically During the 1800s, the African continent began to face Europeans extending their power and influence through military force and military occupation which eventually led to the conquest and colonization of Africa. The Europeans merchants were more interested in the resources of the African continent rather than the value of the people. During the transatlantic slave, which occurred between the 15th and 19th century, most European merchants valued property and goodsShow MoreRelatedA Study Of African History1384 Words   |  6 PagesWest Africa, but little do they know African Americans were trading themselves way before then. Portuguese explorer Prince Henry, known as the navigator, was the first European to methodically explore Africa and the oceanic to the Indies.[1] Many Europeans thought that Africa s history was not important. They argued that Africans were inferior to Europeans and they used this to help justify slavery. However, the reality was very different. 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All People Might Think Courage Comes From A Liquid Form...

Some people might think courage comes in a liquid form called alcohol. Which in some aspects it s true; people tend to do things they wouldn t normally do when they are drunk because it lowers their inhibitions. To me, courage is made up of believing in one s self despite the fear, and forming the strength to do something. When I hear the word courage, I automatically associate it with the word fear. Fear is a very uneasy word. It s more than a word, it s like an invisible monster that is staring you down, fangs and all. Fear can be there too, when you make decisions. I believe it takes courage to make good decisions and to overcome fear. There have been many instances in my life where the fear monster has stared me down or hides in the dark corner of my mind, menacing me every chance it gets. It tells me things like, you will never be good enough or something bad will happen if you take a chance. 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Checkers Marketing assignment free essay sample

Q. 1. 1-Checkers is a brand of stores that splits in two formats one smaller supermarket, having currently 171 stores and other larger the hyper resulting from the merger with another brand Hyperama and currently with 29 stores. The brand focuses its image in the lifestyle of customers with a higher income focusing primarily on the areas of cheeses, wines, coffees and cold meats. Its slogan is Better and Better which lets us know a bit of brand identity and strategy in its relentless effort to improve the various levels as confirmed on the official website of the brand available on the world wide web that says us: That although the current state of the economy puts most families with some monetary difficulties Checkers is expressing its concept in a way that makes its customers see that while the economy is unfavorable to maintain a level of life with higher standards this brand offers better savings offering the best prices on the products connoted with this standard of living, avoiding its customers to change lifestyle. Better quality offering their products with world variety and always with the high quality criteria however much the price is low. And finally the better services that focuses on improving relationships with customers and with the appreciation of the time and customer itself, the brand focuses on quality of life, and on a good standard for its customers, therefore, the brand that they prefer spend more time enjoying life than to spend time shopping or doing various subjects thus Moneymarket appeared, another service that can be found in the shops of the brand where customers can pay bills, buy electricity or even tickets for cultural events or to travel, all in one place and with a service that the brand tries to provide at its best. The mark Checkers in itself enhances the organization for the message that transmits through various channels to reach the consumer it creates a perception in their clients and increases the value of the organization as it becomes readily identifiable and distinct from their competitors through the values and strategy that the brand implemented in the market, and that this has connotations with their Target market of high income and living standards above the average putting the organization at a level of prestige or premium. Question 2 II Marketing Strategy: Q. 2. 1-Concerning the price strategy brands have to face a lot of factors that influence their own strategy to penetrate the market and to increase and or maintain the market share, the brand Checkers is not an exception to this, so following there is some of those factors that according to Cant and Heerden (2013: 235) we can subdivide in two main groups: Will influence the price, because their prices will be decided regarding the position that they want to occupy in the market or the target market they want in this case the prices will not be so low because as we can see in Checkers official web site their focus is on high income customers with high standards of lifestyle, but at the same time one of Checkers’ goals is to perform financially viability, because when we look to the history of the company we can see it already was close to end in 1991 when the biggest brand of the organization Shoprite bought Checkers and the brand grew up during 10 years on the shadow of the biggest brand Shoprite only in 2001 they went apart and the strategy since there is to become â€Å"better and better† as the slogan talks by itself and this applies to the pricing strategy as well in a way that the prices will be managed to obtain profit and viable financial results. THE COSTS OF THE ORGANIZATION, this is one of the most important fa ctors that Checkers should look before pricing their products, because, as it is mentioned above, the brand already went through a bad financial situation in 1991 and it went 10 years dependent on the main brand of the organization and looking carefully to the costs situations like that can be avoid in the future. And EXTERNAL FACTORS: those refer to the outside of the organization in sum the environment where Checkers is located these factors that will influence the price decisions of Checkers incorporate: The ECONOMIC CONDITIONS are one important factor that affect pricing decisions of Checkers, nowadays the economy of South Africa the main country where this brand operates was greatly affected by the global crisis, concerning this, Checkers implemented its marketing strategy exposing its concept that their customers don’t need to change their high standards of lifestyle because the brand Checkers will always offer â€Å"better quality† products and â€Å"better savings† even regarding the situation of the economy influencing the brand to put their prices lower than if the economy were more healthy. The factor of the economic conditions influence other factor in the price decision the NATURE OF MARKET DEMAND in times where the South African economy is being badly shaken by the crisis environment we live in a global level, creates on Checkers customers lower incomes and the trend to save because of the uncertain future to fight this Checkers has its strategy to create customer value and maintain the demand for higher standard products at affordable prices lower than in a normal economy where the customers will be more likely to consume the same items in the same quantity even if the price would be higher, thus this factor influence Checkers’ price decision putting the prices lower. In other hand we have the CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR, which is about the perceptions that customers have of different prices, and how they connote the Checkers with their attitudes and lifestyles if the price of products is to low probably consumers will think that the products have less quality than they used to have, so Checkers has to be careful on its pricing strategy if in one side they have to regard the slow on the economy on the other side they can’t low its prices as much as its customers will think they have lower quality, this because as well the target market of the brand that is related with people with higher income and with high standards of lifestyle so they have to be very cautious managing this situation, in a way they can maintain and increasing their market share without loosing their concept connoted with their target market. Then we have the COMPETITORS, the other retailers that Checkers should be aware when defining its strategy to price their products, in this factor Checkers should compare itself with the others competitors’ prices and decide between two strategies as Cant and Heerden (2013: 246) tell us they can choose, if they will follow the price of the leader in the market or, if they decide their own price, that is what Checkers does not putting the price as low as some competitors but instead of that offering a concept of better quality and so higher prices because of the target market that they want and it is intrinsic to the brand. The SUPPLIERS will influence the price of Checkers in a logic way cause if they charge more to Checkers, the brand will have consequently to raise its prices and charge more to its costumers as well. Finally we have the AUTHORITIES AND THE GOVERNMENT, which Cant and Heerden (2013: 246) summarize to us the three main ways how this factor affect the price strategy of Checkers: They don’t allow any organization to decide together with their competitors to fix their price at the same amount ; In South Africa main country where Checkers operates there is the Act on Price Control, Act 25 of 1964 that states there is a maximum price for goods and services that one person or organization can sell to another, one of the products in this situation that Checkers sell is Sugar for example its maximum price is decided by one authority from time to time and not by the brand itself The third main one is the control that authorities can have in the way an organization gives the price information to consumers, Cant and Heerden (2013: 246) give us the example of medicines that since 2004 all of them sold in South Africa have their prices printed on their packages and Medicines is some of th e products available in some stores of the brand Checkers and so on they have to be excluded of their price strategy. Looking at the brand Checkers as a whole and analyzing the history of the company as well as the factors that influence their price strategy the price goal that appears best suit Checkers is the profit-oriented goal regarding that Checkers already went through a bad financial situation before being bought from Shoprite group and went under the umbrella of the main brand Shoprite for ten years until 2001 as the official website of the group tell us. After all the analysis did above, regarding all the factors that influences Checkers, the most likely goal of their price strategy and after an attentive of contact them with an answer that this matter is confidential in my point of view the strategy that possibly Checkers follow is based on cost, seeming that the Cost-plus pricing will suit better the brand concerning their history and the attempt of always trying to be â€Å"better and better† it seems to me that they have projected profits for the year and they price their products based on that to meet their financial goals. Q. 2. 2-As almost all the companies and brands in nowadays difficult times of the global economy have to communicate and have a relationship with their customers and remember or get known that they exist to their target market in a way they can maintain and increase their market share. Checkers to do that use a lot of promotional tools to create the exposure of their concept to their customers Cant and Heerden (2013: 326) tell us that this process should be called Integrated Brand Promotion (IBP) following you will see some of the marketing communication mix tools that the brand Checkers use and how and why they use them: This is one of the tools most used by retailers in general and Checkers is not an exception to the rule, Cant and Heerden (2013: 328) define this toll as â€Å"any paid form of mass presentation of ideas, products or services by an advertiser, addressed to selected target audiences with the objective of creating awareness, informing, reminding, influencing or persuading them to buy the product or service or to be favorably inclined towards these ideas products or services. † Checkers make use of this toll through many different channels on media those channels can be divided into two main groups: Above-the-line media which include many advertisement that the brand Checkers does for example on television, radio, magazines and newspapers where the brand expose messages to their customers such as promotions or to emphasize the brand value. The other group is the Digital media, which include all the World Wide Web this is a very cheap channel that Checkers use a lot as well and it will be discussed in more detail later in section 3. Checkers make use of this tool to make their customers to aware about their brand, to increase loyalty, to people associate their brand to the messages they want to transmit, to increase trust in the quality of the products they sell and finally to create a reputation in the market. SALES PROMOTION: this toll is an activity that Checkers use a lot this is designed to intensify the sales normally with results in the short-term and those results can be measured and accountable. Checkers use this toll with discount coupons for certain products in a determined time bound or when they promote some products in stores encouraging their customers to try a sample in a way that they would like it and then purchase it. The brand makes use of this toll to increase sales of slow-moving products or to sale products that the validity date is near to the end in a way that Checkers will not loose their investment on that product at least not 100% of it. DIRECT MARKETING RESPONSE: is the opposite of the mass media communication because they using this toll the brand will treat the customer as an individual and so the message that the brand wants to transmit is sent to a person normally they treat the customer by his name and sometimes they give them discounts on their favorite products in a way that the customer will fell recognition and valorized by the brand in question. Checkers use this strategy for example with the discount coupons that they send to individual customers directly to their own phones, their customers can subscribe to this kind of system by downloading their application for their smartphones for example or with other processes for the other phones. Checkers does this to increase the value of the relationship with their customers in an attempt to build brand loyalty and to maintain their market share, which is further more cheap than pick up new customers; another big advantage of this is that they can measure their campaigns and collect customers data. PUBLIC RELATIONS: is a toll that is used to enhance the brand it is related with publicity as well and a bit with social responsibility. Checkers makes use of this toll for example participating on the Cheese festival of South Africa or supporting the breast cancer in women. The brand does this to create visibility and to show to the public in general that they help the society as well and to interact with their costumers at the same time promoting their brand awareness. SPONSORSHIP: Cant and Heerden (2013: 344) describe us this activity as â€Å"the alignment of a brand with an activity in order to exploit the commercial potential created by the association, thereby positively impacting brand image and/or sales among the sponsor’s target market, in order to attain marketing and corporate objectives. † One good example of the using of this toll on the brand Checkers can be the contract they made with BBC lifestyle sponsoring a gastronomic series named â€Å"Full on Food† from popular chefs like Jamie Olivier where they were the exclusive sponsors even of BBC Lifestyle’s recipe planner, an online application, which allows consumers to plan their weekly meals and print their grocery lists and features exclusive Checkers recipes (BBC Worldwide Channels agrees sponsorship with Checkers 2009). The brand did this because in this way they have exposure on media and at the same time to the specific target market Checkers wants to reach. DIGITAL MEDIA MARKETING: this tool is extremely important these days and has become increasingly common, not only because it is very economic but also for being fast and personal, this tool was already mentioned in the part of advertisement and as mentioned above will be more detailed ahead in section 3. Q. 2. After the analyze done above to the brand marketing communication of Checkers we can see they are promoting there brand very well and using almost all of the tools of the marketing mix however, if we analyze their competitors as well we can see for example WoolWorths and Pick n pay they have loyalty cards to their customers. This is in my point of view one thing that Checkers can improve on their Marketing direct response toll this will allowed them to collect important data of its customers and knowing the favorite products of which individual for example when at the same time they would create more value to the consumers relationship and increasing the brand loyalty. Another thing that the brand could focus more would be in social responsibility, they are doing an amazing thing already helping women and supporting the fight to breast cancer but they can even explore more areas promoting their image as a brand. The brand could also improve the Public Relations putting a person in which store responsible to interact with the costumers and try to get opinions and feedback from them to improve the company or to figure out some new demand in different products that the store doesn’t have available or just to help them valuing in this way the relationship with the consumers. Question 3 III Cyber marketing and digital marketing: Q. 3. As mentioned above in this section we will see in detail the use of the digital media marketing of Checkers and evaluate it we are going through some of the opportunities types that the brand is making use on the World Wide Web: THE COMPANY WEBSITE: when we open the Checkers website it has a very clean and easy structure which is very important nowadays cause people want easy things and they don’t go through the site if its complicated or is it offers barriers to access it like subscription or putting the email to access it in this matter Checkers is going very well putting their site available to everybody. The website is also interesting providing some recipes, articles and news about the company this is an important point also because makes the costumers to spend time on the website and at the same time makes them to visit it again. In my perspective one of the things that I would improve in the site would be the section of online orders where you can just order wine or platters to a section where you can also order the normal list of the products that you use to buy on their stores; SEARCH ENGINE MARKETING: this is a very important thing fore a company Checkers is very well in this matter because it is very easy to find the brand once it is the first on the list of different search engines such as Google one of the most important and known in the world; ONLINE ADVERTISEMENT: links to the brand official site can be found in some banners in sites connoted with the lifestyle of the Checkers target market such as blogs talking about the Cheese festival for example, so the brand is taking advantage of this opportunity; E-MAIL MARKETING: on the site of the company Checkers on the Home page they have an easy questionnaire for the visitors where if they want to be abreast of the latest promotions they can subscribe that introducing basic data on that section and after that they will receive on the time basis that they decide the latest promotions, so they are taking advantage of this online opportunity because its quick and instantaneous and the costs of that is considerably low in comparison with traditional media and another thing that the company has and works very wee is the contact of the costumers with the company on the home page of their website there is a button section of â€Å"contact us† where you can choose the department that you want to contact and they will reply to you in a really short-term. MOBILE MARKETING: Checkers have an application for smartphones that their customers can download to be abreast of the promotions and to receive promotion coupons increasing this way the value of the consumer relationship with the company, and for normal phones they offer other options to people receive the promotional or discount codes and even for phones that don’t have access to internet they send it by SMS. In general, the brand is doing a great job concerning the opportunities they are using to reach their customers through the digital media marketing the only thing they should improve in my point of view is the online orders increasing the options of their customers so that they, besides wine or platters, can also make their normal purchases of the various products that the store offers. Q. 3. 2-SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING: nowadays the internet has become an increasingly social platform, having been emerging more and more social networks, Checkers accompanies this trend, being present in the main such as facebook or twitter, which are interlinked with their official website. People who visit their website can instantly share the promotions with friends and followers on social networks while the brand can observe and gather opinions from different users of these social networks. The Checkers in my opinion is taking good advantage of this tool, interacting with their customers friends and followers on social networks, through various strategies such as posting news about the brand, and recipes that are shared and discussed offering to the brand greater visibility and a free advertising by word of mouth across the shares of interesting materials that customers interact with the brand on these social platforms do.

Lincolns Journey To Emancipation Essays - , Term Papers

Lincoln's Journey to Emancipation He comes to us in the mists of legend as a kind of homespun Socrates, brimming with prarie wit and folk wisdom. There is a counterlegend of Lincoln, one shared ironically enough by many white Southerners and certain black Americans of our time. Neither of these views, of course, reveals much about the man who really lived--legend and political interpretations seldom do. As a man, Lincoln was complex, many-sided, and richly human. He was an intense, brooding person, he was plagued with chronic depression most of his life. At the time he even doubted his ability to please or even care about his wife. Lincoln remained a moody, melancholy man, given to long introspection about things like death and mortality. Preoccupied with death, he was also afraid to insanity. Lincoln was a teetotaler because liquor left him "flabby and undone", blurring his mind and threatening his self-control. One side of Lincoln was always Supremely logical and analytical, he was intrigued by the clarity of mathematics. As a self-made man, Lincoln felt embarrassed about his log-cabin origins and never liked to talk about them. By the 1850s, Lincoln was one of the most sought after attorney in Illinois, with a reputation as a lawyer's lawyer. Though a man of status and influence, Lincoln was as honest in real life as in legend. Politically, Lincoln was always a nationalist in outlook , an outlook that began when he was an Indiana farm boy tilling his farther mundane wheat field. Lincoln always maintained that he had always hated human bondage, as much as any abolitionist. He realized how wrong it was that slavery should exist at all in a self-proclaimed free Republic. He opposed slavery, too, because he had witnessed some of it's evils firsthand. What could be done? So went Lincoln's argument before 1854. To solve the ensuing problem of racial adjustment, Lincoln insisted that the federal government should colonize all blacks in Africa, an idea he got from his political idol, Whig national leader Henry Clay. Then came 1854 and the momentous Kansas-Nebraska Act , brainchild of Lincoln's archrival Stephen A. Douglas. At once a storm of free-soil protest broke across the North, and scores of political leaders branded the Kansas-Nebraska Act as part of a sinister Southern plot to extend slavery and augment Southern political power in Washington. The train of ominous events from Kansas-Nebraska to Dred Scott shook Lincoln to his foundations. Lincoln waded into the middle of the antiextension fight. By 1858, Lincoln, like a lot of other Republicans, began to see a grim proslavery conspiracy at work in the United States. The next step in the conspiracy would be to nationalize slavery: the Taney Court, Lincoln feared, would hand down another decision, one declaring that states could not prohibit slavery. For Lincoln and his Republican colleagues, it was imperative that the conspiracy be blocked in its initial stage - the expansion of slavery into the West. Douglas fighting for his political life in free-soil Illinois, lashed back at Lincoln with unadulterated racebaiting. Forced to take a stand against Douglas ruin him with his allegations, Lincoln conceded that he was not for Negro political or social equality. Exasperated with Douglas and white Negrophobia in general, Lincoln begged American whites "to discard all this quibbling about this man and the other man---this race and that race and the other race as being inferior. Lincoln lost the 1857 Senate contest to Douglas. Yet for the benefit of the Southerners, he repeated that he and his party would nor hurt slavery in the South. But Southerns refused to believe anything Lincoln said. At the outset of the war, Lincoln strove to be consistent with all that he and his party had said about slavery: his purpose in the struggle was strictly to save the Union. There were other reasons for Lincoln's hands-off policy about slavery. He was also waging a bipartisan war effort, with Northern Democrats and Republicans alike enlisting in his armies to save the Union. But the pressures and problems of civil war caused Lincoln to change his mind and abandon his hands policy about slavery and hurl an executive fist at slavery in the rebel states. Sumner, Lincoln's personal friend was especially persistent in advocating the freeing of the slaves. Sumner, as a major Lincoln adviser on foreign affairs, also linked emancipation to foreign policy. Black and White abolitionists belabored that point too. The pressure on Lincoln to strike at slavery was unrelenting. On that score slaves themselves were contributing to